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Kadua tryblium

(D.R.Herbst & W.L.Wagner) W.L.Wagner & Lorence (2005)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Kadua

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Scandent shrubs.

Stems: Stems glabrous, sometimes rooting where in contact with ground, up to 5 m long, few–branched, arcuate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades oblong–elliptic to elliptic or narrowly elliptic, slightly asymmetrical, 13–22 cm long, 3–7.5 cm wide. Apex long–acuminate or sometimes attenuate. Base cuneate or sometimes attenuate. Surfaces glabrous, green on upper surface; lower surfaces pale green and irregularly marked with purple or brownish purple areas, coriaceous. Margins entire. Lateral veins strongly ascending, only slightly arcuate, higher order venation obscure, evident veins few. Petioles 1.8–5.5 cm long, upper surface ragged, appearing grooved as a result of the stipular scars. Stipules membranous, completely adnate to petioles to form a cup 25–40 mm high that collects water and debris, quickly becoming ripped along petiole margins as stem and leaves elongate, caducous by second or third node, apex abruptly acuminate, prolonged into a thinly fleshy mucro 7–9 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers in dense, axillary thyrsoid inflorescences, peduncles 1–12 mm long, pedicels 1–2 mm long, bracts connate, ovate, 6–10 mm long; hypanthium turbinate, 1.5–2 mm long. Flowers insect-pollinated, heterostylous, apparently bisexual (perfect) or functionally pistillate. Calyx 4-5-lobed, lobes ovate, 2–3 mm long, margins fimbriolate. Corolla yellowish green, the tube tinged reddish purple, fleshy, funnelform, slightly dimorphic, 4-5-lobed, those of short–styled flowers bulging at the throat due to underlying anthers, those of long–styled flowers scarcely bulging, the tube 6.5–9 mm long, the limb abruptly expanded from tube in bud, strongly quadrangular, the lobes broadly ovate, 2.5–3 mm long, apex with a minute appendage. Stamens as many as and alternate with the corolla lobes, inserted on corolla lobe; anthers fertile in short–styled flowers, sterile in long–styled flowers, dithecal, opening by logitudinal slits. Ovary inferior or partly so, 2(-4)-locular; ovules few to numerous on fleshy placentas near middle of septum; style as many as carpels, glabrous, 2-lobed, the lobes firmly appressed together in short-syled flowers, exserted and spreading in long-styled flowers; stigma bilobed or subcapitate, included or exserted.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; subglobose; 4–5 mm in diameter when dry; indehiscent. Seeds dark brown; irregularly shaped; minutely papillose; with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Rare on steep slopes of the windward (eastern) and less commonly leeward side of Mount Kāhili; along Wahiawa Stream; and one population just below upper rim of Kalalau Valley; Kaua'i.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Syst. Bot. 30: 832 (2005)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1155 (K [as Hedyotis tryblium]); Terrell et al. 2005:832/Kennedy et al. 2010:24 (COMBNOV, Syn. H. tryblium = K. tryblium)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Colony of 10 plants, only along stream, south exposure, clay substrate. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 491 Kauai BISH 1979-09-12
2 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Waiahi south branch, north of Kamooloa, headwaters. Open wind- swept shrubland ridges dissected by drainages and patches of low forest 4-7 (-10) m tall, 90-95% cover. Metrosideros ca. 60% with 20% Cheirodendron interpersed with Psychotria, Broussaisia, Tetraplasandra, Kadua, Melicope, Perrottetia, ferns os Dicranopteris, Sticherus, Sphenomeris, Selaginella, Pneuma Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 14415 Kauai BISH 2010-12-17
3 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros dominated wet forest with Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Cyanea, and Antidesma with Rubus, Psidium, Pluchea. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 4796 Kauai BISH 1991-09-04
4 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details partially closed canopy; Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron, Sadleria, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Dicranopteris linearis, Erigeron karvinskianus, Clidemia hirta Preserved_Specimen Trauernicht, C. 466 Kauai BISH 2008-04-22
5 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dense wet forest with moderate to heavy Psidium growth, except upper part of valley dominated by Metrosideros with understory of Psychotria, Hedyotis terminalis, Cyanea (3 species), Dicranopteris (in open areas), 3 spp. of Cyrtandra, Labordia hirtella (in upper part). Along stream bank. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 6014 Kauai BISH 1988-04-07
6 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metrosideros - Dicranopteris linearis wet forest with Antidesma, Psychotria, Broussaisia, Wikstroemia, Ilex, Pritchardia, Melicope feddei, Melicope paniculata, Sadleria, Myrsine lessertiana, Hedyotis foggiana, Astelia, Smilax, Cyanea recta, Cheirodendron, Chamaesyce Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 16174 Kauai BISH 1998-02-05
7 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. Kauai BISH 1985-11-07
8 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In the bottom of a wet gulch in partial shade, below an Ohi/Olapa Forest on the ridges above, with Ohia/Uluhe Fern Forest on the surrounding st Dicranopteris linearis, Metrosideros polymorpha, Broussaisia arguta, Antidesma platyphyllum, Cibotium, Sadleria, Freycinebia arborea, Pipturus ruber, Perrottetia sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen Williams, A.M. 204 Kauai BISH 2015-12-02
9 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicrantopteris montane wet forest & riparian vegetation w/ Cheirodendron spp, Ilex anomala, Kadua affinis, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Coprosma kauaiensis, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Syzygium sandwicensis, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Dubautia raillardioides Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 17306 Kauai BISH 2017-03-28
10 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest W/ Antidesma platyphylla, Ilex anomala, Polyscias waialeale, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, Bobea brevipes, Psychotria mariniana, Cyanea Kahiliensis, weeds: Psidium cattleianum. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 23743 Kauai BISH 2013-11-19
11 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris montane wet forest w/ Diplopterygium pinnatum, Dryopteris unidentata var. paleacea, Scaevola procera, Pritchardia perlmanii, Kadua affinis, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Syzygium sandwicensis, Melicope wawrana, Bro Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 17164 Kauai BISH 2016-10-25
12 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha wet cliff Machaerina angustifolia, Kadua elatior, Kadua centrathoides, Erigeron karvinskianus, Cyathea cooperi weeds: Psidium cattleianum. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 23580 Kauai BISH 2013-06-27
13 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details hanging valley Riparian veg Metrosideros- Sadleria Cyanea fissa, Urera glabra, Freycinetia, Dubautia knudsenii, Cibotium, Touchardia, Pipturus, Machaerina angustifolia, Sadleria cyathioides, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Cyrtandra wainihaensis, Australian Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 24788 Kauai BISH 2016-01-07
14 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Colony of 10 plants, only along stream, south exposure, clay substrate. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 491 Kauai BISH 1979-09-12
15 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha -- Docranopteris linearis wet forest. W/ Machaerina angustifolia, Pritchardia flynnii, Bidens forbesii, Antidesma platyphylla, Cheirodendron trigynum, Bobea elatior, Ilex, Cyanea kahiliensis, Cyanea fissa, weeds: Cyathea cooperi, Psidiu. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 23668 Kauai BISH 2013-08-28
16 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Large sprawling shrub along drainage area. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1234 Kauai BISH 1985-09-11
17 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mixed lowland wet forest with riparian vegatation w/ antidesmia platyphylla, mariniana, P. mauiensis, P. wawrae, Melicope clusiifolia, M. wawraeana, Broussaisia arguta, Crytandra kealiae urc. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 18804 Kauai BISH 2021-08-10
18 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with dissecting drainages and matting ferns of Diplopteryglum and Dicranopteris with Broussaisia arguta, Perrottettia sandwicensis, Touchardia latifolia, Pipturus albidus, P. ruber, Psychotria marinana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphylla, Polyscias oahuensis, Kadua affinis, Melico Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 17979 Kauai BISH 2018-11-15
19 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros- Dicranopteris lowland wet forest with Gunnera, Anoectochilus, Cyanea, Pipturus, Sadleria. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 2364 Kauai BISH 1993-02-09
20 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with dissecting drainages and matting ferns of Diplopteryglum and Dicranopteris with Broussaisia arguta, Perrottettia sandwicensis, Touchardia latifolia, Pipturus albidus, P. ruber, Psychotria marinana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphylla, Polyscias oahuensis, Kadua affinis, Melico Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 17978 Kauai BISH 2018-11-15
21 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with matting ferns of Diplopterygium, Sticherus, and Dicranopteris w/ Perrottetia sandwicensis, Touchardia latifolia, Psychotria mariniana, P. Hexandra, Antidesma platyphylla, Kadua affinis, K. tryblium, Bobea elatior Preserved_Specimen K.R. Wood 19698 Kauai BISH 2025-01-16
22 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Native wet-mesic forest in West stream drainage. In highly disturbed site at base of large landslide. With Metrosideros polymorpha, Perrotettia, Dicranopteris linearis, Lobelia hypoleuca, Machaerina ssp, Scaevola spp, Kadua tryblium, Phylostegia sp, Buddleia asiatica, Pluchea. Preserved_Specimen Trauernicht, C. 576 Kauai BISH 2008-10-02
23 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details At base of rock cliff in rainforest with Metrosideros, Gouldia terminalis, Psychotria, Touchardia latifolia & Psidium cattleianum Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2834 Kauai BISH 1972-10-18
24 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Riparian vegetation with moderate to steep slopes 70-89% cover. Canopy dominated by Metrosideros, 8-12 m, or Aleurites, 8-10 m with abundant understory of Psidium guyjava, w/Pisonia umbellifera, Ilex, Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, steeper open slopes with Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 13458 Kauai BISH 2009-01-29
25 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5700 Kauai BISH 1986-11-01
26 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Colony of 10 plants, only along stream, south exposure, clay substrate. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 491 Kauai BISH 1979-09-12
27 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ridges of shrubland-fernland dissected by small drainages & patches of forest w/ Metrosideros ca. 60% with 20% Cheirodendron, interspersed with species of Psychotria, Broussaisia Polyscias, Kadua, Melicope, Perrottetia, Machaerina, Vaccinium, Dubautia, ferns of Dicranopteris, S Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 17786 Kauai BISH 2018-01-29
28 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Elfin cloud forest dominated by Metrosideros spp., Pelea, and Labordia, interspersed with open bog areas severely damaged by pigs and dominated by Juncus planifolius. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 3047 Kauai BISH 1988-06-18
29 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5387 Kauai BISH 1984-05-28
30 Kadua tryblium Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 6290 Kauai BISH 1989-11-21
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